Vagrant是一个基于Ruby编写的工具,用于创建和部署虚拟化开发环境。它使用Oracle开源的VirtualBox虚拟化系统,通过Chef创建自动化虚拟环境。
具备功能特性:

  • 支持快速新建虚拟机
  • 支持快速设置端口转发
  • 支持自定义镜像打包(原始镜像方式、增量补丁方式)
  • 基本上日常能用到的基础配置都能快速设置
  • 支持开机启动自动运行命令
  • 可以自己写扩展

我是在搞k8s环境的时候接触到这个工具的,下面讲一下vagrant批量创建虚拟机以及ssh配置的流程。

编写Vagrantfile

关于virtualboxvagrant的安装,基本是傻瓜式的,这里不赘述。
我们先在终端敲一句vagrant init,在当前目录下会出现一个具备基础配置的Vagrantfile,内容如下:

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# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
# For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
# https://docs.vagrantup.com.

# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
# boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
config.vm.box = "base"

# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
# `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
# config.vm.box_check_update = false

# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
# accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
# NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
# via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
# using a specific IP.
# config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
# your network.
# config.vm.network "public_network"

# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
# the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
# argument is a set of non-required options.
# config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
# Example for VirtualBox:
#
# config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
#
# # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
# vb.memory = "1024"
# end
#
# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
# information on available options.

# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Ansible, Chef, Docker, Puppet and Salt are also available. Please see the
# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
# config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
# apt-get update
# apt-get install -y apache2
# SHELL
end

接着上官网查一下文档,按照文档的语法编写Vagrantfile:

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Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# 创建3台机子
(1..3).each do |i|
config.vm.define "k8s-node#{i}" do |node|
# 指定虚拟机镜像
node.vm.box = "centos/7"
# 配置虚拟机主机名
node.vm.hostname = "k8s-node#{i}"
# 配置虚拟机IP
node.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.#{10+i}",netmask:"255.255.255.0"
node.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
v.name = "k8s-node#{i}"
# 设置虚拟机内存
v.memory = 4096
# 设置虚拟机CPU数
v.cpus = 4
end
end
end
end

创建虚拟机

在终端给他来一句vagrant up,vagrant就会帮你批量创建虚拟机,这一步可能比较久,因为下载系统镜像文件并加载到虚拟机中。

配置ssh

虚拟机创建完成后,是只能通过终端vagrant ssh [虚拟主机名]或者点开virtualbox界面来访问虚拟机。
这样就有一个很致命的问题:操作起来有点low。 那我们就开启一下CentOS的ssh密码访问吧。
同样的步骤依次操作3台虚拟机即可:

  1. vagrant ssh k8s-node1连接虚拟机
  2. su进入root权限,密码是vagrant
  3. vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config编辑ssh配置,找到PasswordAuthentication no改成PasswordAuthentication yes
  4. 保存退出编辑后systemctl restart sshd重启服务
  5. 找个ssh工具测试连接,这里我们用FinalShell